...and don't forget the "Battle of Catalaunian Plains" fought near Tours, France in 451 AD. A coalition between Roman General Flavius Aetius and Visigoth King Theodoric I was able to turn back the Huns (led by Attila), Ostrogoths (and others). Up to this point, Attila was undefeated, fighting successfully with skilled horse-mounted warriors. This time, he was forced into a more Roman-style head-to-head battle, which he could not win. If he had succeeded, Eastern Europe may have been absorbed by the Turko-Mongol people, the way Turkey and the "stans" are occupied today.