Ok, this may not be exactly germane to this article, but I will now summarize every Dr. Michael Hunter article about health (with some slight deviations). If you wanna be healthy, please follow in this order:

Tier 1: Clean air and clean water, dispose of waste properly. The domain of Civil Engineers like me. This is the most important tranche of good health, the first thing people establish in 3rd world countries.

Tier 2: A Blue Zone lifestyle: including exercise, possibly a Mediterranean Diet, no smoking, modest drinking of alcohol, integrated with good friends and family

Tier 3: Vaccines and Antibiotics: This could've been tier 2, but extremely important in epidemiology and "herd health". Anyone that says it isn't is in deep denial (just look at history books if you don't believe me)

Tier 4: Lay workers, such as public health people, nurses, midwives, etc. In many parts of the world, they are the only "medical intervention" and do the work of many doctors here.

Tier 5: Doctors and pharmaceuticals: In some ways, its a virtue to avoid this level. However, Doctors and pharmaceuticals do save lives (examples: some surgical interventions, increasingly, drugs that control inflammation)

You can make a "health pyramid" out of this if you wish (guessing that tier 1 = 30%, tier 2 = 25%, tier 3=20%, tier 4=15%, tier 5=10%, at least in terms of desired need, cost, staffing) . I believe there's good value in reliance on Tiers 1-4, making Tier 5 a last resort. I suppose tier 2 is becoming ever more important, in an era when tiers 1 & 3 are taken for granted.